A Western Wind Essay Example for Free

A Western Wind Essay â€Å"Western Wind† by an anonymous Middle English lyric relates to A Farewell to Arms by Ernest Hemingway. In A Farewell to Arms Fredrick Henry has a stream-of-consciousness. In a stream-of-consciousness the writer approximates the rapid, often chaotic thought patterns of the character. Thinking about Catherine, in the rain, Henry refers to the poem Western Wind†. The poet of â€Å"Western Wind† wishes that his heart would heal from the pain of not being with the person that he loves. That is the same with Fredrick Henry. In his dream, Henry says, â€Å"Blow, blow, ye western wind† (Hemingway A Farewell to Arms 197). Henry is commanding the winds to blow the small rain back and maybe â€Å"That my sweet love Catherine down might rain† (197). During the war time it is raining â€Å"the big rain† (197). Obviously, the poet in â€Å"Western Wind† is also having some big rain because he wants â€Å"The small rain† (Anonymous â€Å"Western Wind† 2). It is obvious that the poet wishes for his heartache to go away because he says, Christ, that my love were in my arms, (3). This blatantly shows that he wishes to be with his love so she could ease his pains. Fredrick Henry’s pain is that he is lonely and only when they are together is when he has no pain. â€Å"Western Wind† â€Å"Western Wind† by an anonymous Middle English lyric relates to A Farewell to Arms by Ernest Hemingway. In A Farewell to Arms Fredrick Henry has a stream-of-consciousness. In a stream-of-consciousness the writer approximates the rapid, often chaotic thought patterns of the character. Thinking about Catherine, in the rain, Henry refers to the poem Western Wind†. The poet of â€Å"Western Wind† wishes that his heart would heal from the pain of not being with the person that he loves. That is the same with Fredrick Henry. In his dream, Henry says, â€Å"Blow, blow, ye western wind† (Hemingway A Farewell to Arms 197). Henry is commanding the winds to blow the small rain back and maybe â€Å"That my sweet love Catherine down might rain† (197). During the war time it is raining â€Å"the big rain† (197). Obviously, the poet in â€Å"Western Wind† is also having some big rain because he wants â€Å"The small rain† (Anonymous â€Å"Western Wind† 2). It is obvious that the poet wishes for his heartache to go away because he says, Christ, that my love were in my arms, (3). This blatantly shows that he wishes to be with his love so she could ease his pains. Fredrick Henry’s pain is that he is lonely and only when they are together is when he has no pain.

The Concerns of Internet Censorship Essays -- Censoring Internet Right

The Concerns of Internet Censorship As a professional Internet publisher and avid user of the Internet, I have become concerned with laws like the Communications Decency Act of 1996 (CDA) that censor free speech on the Internet. By approving the CDA, Congress has established a precedent which condones censorship regulations for the Internet similar to those that exist for traditional broadcast media. Treating the Internet like broadcast media is a grave mistake because the Internet is unlike any information medium that has been created. My concerns about Internet censorship prompted me to write "Internet Censorship is Absurd and Unconstitutional." In the essay, I outline why I believe that the Internet should not be censored in any way for two reasons. First, any law advocating censorship of the Internet is too broad and unenforceable on this global information medium. Second, Internet censorship is a breach of First Amendment rights for those users residing in the United States. The essay will provide insight into why self regulation is the only viable solution to the problems that have and will be presented to the Internet. Should it be illegal to publish literature with "indecent" content on the Internet but perfectly legal to publish that same work in print? This question has spawned the debate over Internet censorship, which is currently raging in the United States Congress as well as in other political forums around the world. The question as to whether the Internet should be censored will continue to be debated for many years to come. As with any political topic, the debate over Internet censorship has its extremes. Many proponents of Internet censorship want strict control over this new information medium. Proponents of Internet censorship such as Senator Jim Exon (D-NE), co-author of the Communications Decency Act (CDA), are in favor of putting strict laws into place regulating the Internet in order to protect children: "The Decency Act stands for the premise that it is wrong to provide pornography to children on computers just as it is wrong to do it on a street corner or anywhere else" (Exon). These proponents suggest creating laws for the Internet similar to those now in place for television and radio. Those strongly opposing Internet regulations, such as the Citizens Internet Empowerment Coalition (CIEC), assert that the Internet is not li... ...1997): n. pag. Online. Internet. 19 Mar. 1997. Available: http://pathfinder.com/@@sAbDXgQAlb0upRm2/time/daily/1997/970319/970319-1.html. [Time magazine report on the Supreme Court appeal of the CDA case.] Net Nanny Software International. Untitled. n. pag. Online. Internet. 3 Jun. 1997. Available: http://www.netnanny.com/. [Home page for the Net Nanny Software company which describes the software’s purpose and appropriate usage.] Plummer, James C. "Decent Information?" Consumers’ Research Magazine Aug. 1996: 33. [An editorial on the CDA questioning it’s premise.] Recreational Software Advisory Council Web Site. Online. Internet. 3 Jun. 1997. Available: http://www.rsac.org/. [Web site for the RSACi rating system which explains the system’s purpose and appropriate usage.] Sirico, Robert A. "Don’t Censor the Internet." Forbes 29 July 1996: 48. [Editorial outlining concerns about governmental control of the Internet and alternatives.] Whitmer, Clair. "Man Gets 5 Years for Online Child Porn." CNet, Inc. (23 Feb. 1996): n. pag. Online. Internet. http://www.news.com/News/Item/0,4,787,00.html. [Report of a man sentenced for sending child pornography via the Internet.]

Jungian archetypes in today’s global society Essay

This essay presents Jungian â€Å"archetypes† derived from the theoretical formulations of Carl Gustav Jung aimed at understanding their impacts in today’s global society. This essay also presents a list of individuals noted for their contributions for changing the image of the world totally different from those of the Medieval Period’s and from these thoughts one can imagine the prospects of the future. This essay concludes with the citation of some present-day personalities, technologies, and significant events as objects of Jung’s archetypes. Jung’s theory of personality has tremendous influence on sociology—â€Å"the science of society, social institutions, and social relationships [or] specifically the systematic study of the development, structure, interaction, and collective behavior of organized groups of human beings† (Merriam-Webster 2004). In order to appreciate the impact of the personality theory of Jung in sociological settings, it is necessary to mention key components of the theoretical constructs foremost of which is the â€Å"collective unconscious†Ã¢â‚¬â€in which Jungian archetypes reside. The â€Å"Ego† is the â€Å"conscious mind†Ã¢â‚¬â€it is the seat of â€Å"perceptions, memories, thoughts, and feelings †¦ from the viewpoint of an individual person it is regarded as the center of consciousness,† write Hall & Lindsey (118). The â€Å"Personal Unconscious† is the â€Å"region adjoining the ego †¦ consists of experiences that were once conscious but which have been repressed, suppressed, forgotten, or ignored† (118). Under the â€Å"Personal Unconscious† are various â€Å"complexes†Ã¢â‚¬â€the organized group or constellation of feelings, thoughts, perceptions, and memories; that have mental life of their own and have the capacity to seize the personality and to utilize for its end, like â€Å"Napoleon’s lust for power† (118). The â€Å"Collective Unconscious†Ã¢â‚¬â€considered as the â€Å"storehouse of latent memory traces inherited from one’s ancestral past, a past that includes not only the racial history of humans as a separate species but their prehuman or animal ancestry as well †¦ [It is] the psychic residue of human evolutionary development, a residue that accumulates as a consequence of repeated experiences over many generations. † If we humans today are afraid, for example, of the dark or of snakes, it is because our primitive parents â€Å"encountered many dangers in the dark and were victims of poisonous snakes,† write Hall and Lindzey (118). And â€Å"what a person learns is substantially influenced by the collective unconscious that exercises a guiding or selective influence over the behavior of the person from the very beginning of life. † Furthermore, the â€Å"two unconscious regions of the mind, the personal and the collective, can be of immense service to humans †¦ the unconscious holds possibilities which are locked away from the conscious mind, for it has its disposal all subliminal contents, all those things which have been forgotten or overlooked, as well as the wisdom and experience of uncounted centuries, which are laid down in its archetypal organs† (119-120). The â€Å"structural components of the collective unconscious are called by various names: archetypes †¦ primordial images †¦ mythological images, and behavior patterns† quotes Hall and Lindzey of Jung (1943). â€Å"An archetype is a universal thought (idea) form that contains a large element of emotion† (Hall and Lindzey 120). An example is the â€Å"mother archetype†Ã¢â‚¬â€an image or a perception of an individual recognized by an infant irregardless of race anywhere in the world. How can this happen? â€Å"It is a permanent deposit in the mind of an experience that has been constantly repeated for many generations. † (Hall and Lindzey 121). Another example is an image of the â€Å"sun† which has been seen by all inhabitants of the world (except the blinds) rose in the east and set on the west horizons—so that â€Å"certain concepts and images of a supreme deity are off-shoots of the sun archetype† (121). â€Å"In a similar manner, humans have been exposed through their existence to innumerable instances of great natural forces—earthquakes, waterfalls, floods, hurricanes, lightning, forest fires †¦ Out of these experiences there has developed an archetype of energy† (121). On the other hand, two or more archetypes sometimes fuse together so that one can see the person of a â€Å"Hitler† as a form of fused archetypes of â€Å"demon and hero †¦ so that one gets a satanic leader. † Furthermore, â€Å"[m]yths, dreams, visions, rituals, neurotic and psychotic symptoms, and works of art contain a great deal of archetypal material, and constitute the best source of knowledge regarding archetypes,† write Hall and Lindzey (122-123). Jung identified four key archetypes in his personality theory—they are briefly described here, namely: The â€Å"Persona†Ã¢â‚¬â€is a â€Å"mask adopted by the person in response to the demands of social convention and tradition and to his or her own inner archetypal needs,† quote Hall and Lindzey of Jung (1945). This persona is the â€Å"role assigned to one by society, the part that society expects one to play in life. The purpose of the mask is to make a definite impression upon others and it often †¦ conceals the real nature of the person. The persona is the public personality †¦ contrasted with private personality that exists behind the social facade† (Hall and Lindzey 122). The person archetype â€Å"originates out of the experiences of the race; in this case, the experiences consist of social interactions in which the assumption of a social role has served a useful purpose to humans throughout their history as social animals† (122). The â€Å"Anima and the Animus†Ã¢â‚¬â€it is â€Å"fairly well recognized and accepted that a human is a bisexual animal. On a physiological level, the male secretes both male and female sex hormones, as does the female. On the psychological level, masculine and feminine characteristics are found in both sexes†¦. The feminine archetype in man is called the anima, the masculine archetype in woman is called the animus,† quote Hall and Lindzey of Jung (1945, 1954b). These archetypes are the â€Å"products of the racial experiences of man with woman and woman with man †¦ by living with woman throughout the ages man has become feminized; by living with man woman has become masculinized† (122-123). The â€Å"Shadow† archetype consists of the animal instincts that humans inherited in their evolution from lower forms of life, cites Hall and Lindzey of Jung (1948a). Consequently, the shadow †¦ typifies the animal side of human nature. As an archetype, â€Å"the shadow is responsible for our conception of original sin; when it is projected outward it becomes the devil and an enemy†¦. [It is] responsible for the appearance in consciousness and behavior of unpleasant and socially reprehensible thoughts, feelings and actions. These then may either be hidden from public view by the persona or repressed into the personal unconscious† (Hall and Lindzey 123). The â€Å"Self† archetype â€Å"expresses itself in various symbols, the chief one being the mandala or magic circle,† writes Jung (1955a). The self according to Jung is the total unity of all the systems that make up the personality. The self â€Å"holds these systems together and provides the personality with unity, equilibrium, and stability. † The self is â€Å"life’s goal, a goal that people constantly strive for but rarely reach †¦ it motivates human behavior and causes one to search for wholeness especially through the avenues provided by religion,† and it is here where the â€Å"figures of Christ and Buddha are as highly differentiated expressions of the self archetype as one will find in the modern world,† write Hall & Lindzey (124). The foregoing presented an overview of the key Jungian archetypes. Hall and Lindzey write that the â€Å"most salient feature of Jung’s theory of personality †¦ is the emphasis that he places upon the forward-going character of personality development †¦ [that] humans are constantly progressing or attempting to progress from a less complete stage of development to a more complete one †¦ [and] that mankind as a species is constantly evolving more differentiated forms of existence† (134). Table 1 shows the Table of Contents of a special edition of the Reader’s Digest magazine capturing the significant contributions of popular and important persons the world has ever produced so far. Each one of the persons mentioned walked in the alleys of human endeavors leaving a legacy that benefited many generations to come after theirs including today’s generation. Table 1. Table of Contents of a Pocket Book on â€Å"popular and important subjects. † Adapt from Reader’s Digest (n. d. ) I. Giants of the World of Science—Copernicus: The man who moved the World (pp. 3-8); Galileo—Bold Discoverer (pp.9-14); Sir Isaac Newton, Explorer of the Universe (pp. 15-20); The Evolution of Charles Darwin (pp. 21-28); Albert Einstein, the man, and the Theory (pp. 29-33). II. They Opened Our Minds—Socrates: A One-Man Turning Point in History (pp. 37-42); What Plato Says to Us (pp. 43-48); Aristotle: Master Mind of 300 B. C. (pp. 49-52); Listen to Wisdom of Confucius (pp. 53-56); William James and the Adventure of Being Human (pp. 57-66); Emerson’s vital Message for Today (pp. 67-74). III. They Sought the True Way—The Man Called Jesus (pp. 77-82); Saint Paul – Apostle to All Men (pp. 83-88); Islam: the Misunderstood Religion (pp.89-98); Buddha, â€Å"The Enlightened One† (pp. 99-104). IV. They Fought for Democracy—Thomas Jefferson, Architect of Democracy (pp. 107-112); The Prodigious Gifts of Benjamin Franklin (pp. 113-118); Woodrow Wilson’s fight for Peace (pp. 119-124); â€Å"We Must Never Deny Our Gratitude†: A Portrait of Winston Churchill (pp. 125-130). V. They Opened the Door—Columbus: He Knew the World Was Round (pp. 133-140); Westward – With Lewis and Clark (pp. 141-148); And Then Came Ford (pp. 149-158); Alexander Graham Bell: The Man Who Tied the World Together (pp. 159-164). VI. Apostle of Human Rights—Abraham Lincoln’s Hardest Decision (pp.167-172); Mr. Thoreau of Walden Pond (pp. 173-180); Gandhi: Apostle of Non-Violence (pp. 181-188). VII. Giants of the Arts—Leonardo da Vinci: The Firs Modern (pp. 191-198); Delacroix: He Opened the Door to Modern Art (pp. 199-202); Pablo Picasso, Artist of the Century (pp. 203-208); Beethoven the Incredible (pp. 209-214); Frederic Chopin: Poet of the Piano (pp. 215-218); Mozart, Music’s Wonder Child (pp. 219-224). VIII. They Took Us Into the Future—The Day the Atomic Age Was Born (pp. 227-232); We Tamed Penicillin (pp. 233-238); With Ranger VII-To the Moon (pp. 239-245). What is the goal of human development? Toward what end are humans and mankind striving? Hall and Lindzey’s answer to these questions is this: the â€Å"ultimate goal is summed up by the term self-realization. Self-realization means the fullest, most complete differentiation and harmonious blending of all aspects of a human’s total personality. † To this end, there is one significant thing that appears to be consistent in all human history—this is what Hall and Lindzey write as â€Å"progress† which â€Å"did not stop with the creation of humans; just as humans represent an advancement over all other species of animals, so does civilized man represent an improvement over primitive man† (134). Meanwhile, Koontz, O’Donnell, and Heinz Weihrich, write â€Å"Every group of people that performs near its total capability has some person as its head who is skilled in the art of leadership [with] †¦ at least three major ingredients—the ability to comprehend that human beings have differing motivating forces at varying times and in different situations, the ability to inspire, and the ability to act in a way that will develop a climate for responding to an arousing motivations† (663). Who are the prime persons and entities in the 1990’s and in the current decade that could have influenced the direction of the world affairs in today’s â€Å"global society†? I have a few names to mention before ending this essay: the introduction of the â€Å"internet† in the early 1990’s that almost shattered the communication barriers overnight with Bill Gates’s Microsoft Internet Explorer; George W. Bush, Sr. and the first Gulf War in the Middle East that reinforced the resentment of the Muslim world against Christendom and in particular the United States; Osama Bin Landen and the 9/11 terrorism; George W. Bush, Jr. and Weapons of Mass Destruction with Iraq War; astronomy and the Hubble Space Telescope that captured close-up photos of far-flung universes never before seen (Voit); and the twin rovers that traversed the Martian face with Intel’s microprocessors as enablers of nanotechnology. These never-ceasing human endeavors reflect Jung’s archetypal descriptions present in all human undertakings in any given society around the world. References Hall, Calvin S. , and Gardner Lindzey. Theories of Personality. 3rd Ed.. New York, NY: Wiley, 1978. Koontz, Harold, Cyril O’Donnell, and Heinz Weihrich. Management. 7th ed. Tokyo, Japan: McGraw, 1980. They Changed Our World. Editors of Reader’s Digest. USA: Berkely, (n. d. ). Voit, Mark. Hubble space telescope: new views of the universe. Ed. Himmel, Eric. New York, NY: Abrams.

The Death Penalty A New Symbol For Execution - 1700 Words

France’s Reign of Terror offered the world a new symbol for execution: the guillotine. Today the electric chair, lethal injection, and firing squad provide the same image. All symbolize death as well as the crime that the perpetrator committed. In 1793 in France, an individual met the guillotine because he or she committed treason by going against the radical ideas of Maximilien Robespierre. In the modern United States, citizens face one of the instruments of capital punishment after they commit murder, treason, or espionage. Though the instruments and charges for capital punishment have changed, the basic principle remains the same. Capital punishment, more harshly known as the death penalty, has become a well-known and controversial part of the United States’ criminal justice system. Ever since societies began to practice the capital punishment, people have tried to abolish the death penalty. The United States, however, should continue to practice the death penalty un til it reduces the number of homicides and other serious crimes committed by its citizens to help protect innocent citizens. In 1682, Pennsylvania stated in its The Great Law or Body of Laws that the colony would only apply capital punishment to people who committed treason or murder. Quaker William Penn’s statement represented a radical departure for the ideology of the rest of the world; Penn displayed one of the earliest attempts to limit the extent of the death penalty (Tetters). All except one foundingShow MoreRelatedThe Death Penalty Is Also Commonly Referred As Capital1729 Words   |  7 PagesThe death penalty is also commonly referred as capital punishment. The definition of the death penalty is defined as by Merriam-Webster as â€Å"Execution of an offender sentenced to death after a conviction by a court of law of a criminal offense.† Capital punishment has been widely being used for centuries it is known today, as well as the debates that arise with this subject. The history of the Capital punishment goes back as far as Ancient Laws of China. The death penalty was established as punishmentRead MoreThe Death Penalty: The Case of Carlos DeLuna Essay1321 Words   |  6 Pagesgetting executed for this, I don’t think it’s right. † A man called Carlos DeLuna made his comment a couple years before his execution. In February 1983, Wanda Lopez was killed at a gas station in Texas. One witness argued that he saw a Spanish man, maybe Deluna, running out of the station. About 40 minutes later, Carlos Deluna was arrested near the gas station and sentenced to death in 1989. Deluna protested that he did not commit the crime, however, he was arrested. He even went further, he named theRead MoreThe Cost Of Capital Punishment1664 Words   |  7 Pagesthe early release of 3,000 prisoners. In Texas, prisoners are serving only 20% of their time and rearrests are common. Georgia is laying off 900 correctional personnel and New Jersey has had to dismiss 500 police officers. Yet these same states, and many others like them, are pouring millions of dollars i nto the death penalty with no resultant reduction in crime. The exorbitant costs of capital punishment are actually making America less safe because badly needed financial and legal resources areRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Be Abolished1312 Words   |  6 Pagesagree with this statement. Given the conditions presented there is no moral reason to continue using the death penalty. In this case the death penalty cannot be said to be optimific (producing the best result) unless you hold the value of justice ahead of the value of society. To argue for this perspective requires an extremely skewed perception of value and if, as I will show, the death penalty provides no tangible benefit to society its use should be discontinued. Consequentialism states â€Å"anRead MoreAmnesty International Against the Death Penalty Essay1059 Words   |  5 PagesAmnesty International Against the Death Penalty The death penalty is enforced in more than 100 countries around the globe. Statistically, there have been 1,708 known executions in 35 of these 100 countries. I=m sure that the true figures are certainly higher. The most common methods of this controversial act include shooting, electrocution, lethal injection, hanging, stoning, and decapitation. Around the world, there are presently almost 3,000 people on death row (What is Amnesty InternationalRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Be Abolished Essay1630 Words   |  7 Pageslittlest of crime were put to death in very inhumane ways. Many countries over the years abolished capital punishment, however, the United States is very well known for still not abolishing the death penalty. During American history, there have been rates of high and low executions, and states have dealt with it, their own ways. Most states have abolished it right after the First World War, others after the civil war. The arguments against the death penalty include the execution innocent lives, inhumaneRead MoreDeath Penalty2855 Words   |  12 PagesThe death penalty has been a controversial issue for many years. It was established centuries ago and has been accepted by society. It was put into place to punish those who had committed an offense against laws of the institution that was in place at the time. Within our society the death penalty has been associated with several symbols. ‘An eye for an eye,’ is a symbol that has come to be the representation of the death penalty; which was one of the original ideas behind it. Times have changedRead MoreEssay on A Call for Change: Abolishing the Death Penalty1728 Words   |  7 Pagesneeded or wanted; determination is the American way. If fledgling colonies needed more food to support families, a farmer cultivated more crops; if communities wanted more supplies, companies mass produced until desires were met. Nonetheless, if a new idea turned out to be corrupt, then the thought was discontinued and effaced from memory. In today’s twenty first century society, an idea from the past has become crooked and is no longer needed. A fashion of punishment might have benefited societyRead MoreApproaching Death1369 Words   |  6 PagesThere are crimes in this world that people believe are so heinous that they are punishable by death. These crimes are called capital crimes and the gruesome punishment you go under is referred to as capital punishment. Some states have abolished capital punishment; many states still uphold this ancient practice. Thirty-two of the fifty states in the US still have capital punishment. With the death penalty such a controversial topic, there are bound to be pieces written on it. The books The LastRead More The Effectiveness of Amnesty International1143 Words   |  5 Pagesfor profit organization that advocates and fights for human rights issues globally. As set forth in the Universal Declaration of Independence, Amnesty International campaigns to free prisoners of conscience, fight for womens rights, abolish the death penalty and ultimately restore and fight for human rights. In spite of recent controversy of the International NGO, Amnesty aims to create an abuse free world using volunteer members of more than 3 million to write and protest to government officials in

The Death Of Death Penalty - 1697 Words

The death penalty has been notable, in the justice system of the United States of America. Established in the 18th century also known as capital punishment, execution or death penalty Which gives the government permission to punish you by death using 5 authorized methods of? Executions, such As Lethal injection, Electrocution, Gas Chamber, Hanging, or Firing Squad. Alfred Southwick was the first Person to invent the electric chair after hearing a bizarre story of An intoxicated man touching the live Electric generator. It all started with just an idea and trying To find a humane way of killing someone instead of hanging them. Thirty One states still Practice the death penalty. 18 states do not Practice Capital Punishment. In January there Were two thousand nine hundred Inmates waiting on death row in the United States of America. Since 1976 more than One thousand four Hundred thirty one inmates have been put to death .The Death penalty has proven to be racial bias and Outdated, costly and, purposely and morally Wrong. As follows twelve hundred and fifty-six by lethal Injection, One hundred fifty-eight by Electrocution eleven by Gas Chamber three by hanging, three by Firing Squad. Inmates are Given a large dosage of an anesthetic so they don’t feel anything. 1982 Charles Brooks was the First person executed by lethal injection. As of 2014 there were fifty seven woman on death Row. Mary Surrat was the first woman in America to be executed by the UnitedShow MoreRelatedDeath to the Death Penalty1025 Words   |  5 Pagesany other human being, and this is where the nations that apply the death penalty are failing (Source 1). The death penalty or capital punishment is a legal process in which a person is executed as a punishment for committing a crime. It is still used in over 50 nations worldwide. Centuries before the Universal Declaration of Human Rights existed, important civilizations such as the Mesopotamian, Greek, and Roman Empires used death to punish criminals for their actions. It was such an important issueRead MoreDeath Of The Death Penalty1517 Words   |  7 PagesDeath, a word of sorrow, of pain, and of joy. Death happens to everyone eventually but what if it wasn’t your choice? What if someone else held your life in their hands? The Death Penalty dates back as far as the Eighteenth Century B.C under the ruling of King Hammurabi of Babylon(DPIC Staff). He was the first noted person to begin using the death penalty. The origin of death revolved around him and now the people of today feel that they are able to dictate how people die. Death is a prize to themRead MoreDeath Of The Death Penalty963 Words   |  4 PagesDeath has been around for centuries. It started off with single-celled organisms and has transformed into what we know it as today. Murders, dying of sickness or old age, even natural disasters and tragedies. So what about crimes worthy of the death penalty. It all started out in 1608 where the death of captain George Kendall would become the first ever recorded penalized death. He was executed for firing bullets at the Jamestown colony. Death is almost like a design and death itself hasRead MoreThe Death Penalty1347 Words   |  6 PagesThe concept of the death penalty has been around since the 1700’s B.C. where it was first defined in the Code of Hammurabi (Historical Timeline). Since then, the death penalty has morphed and changed. In 1608 A.D., Captain George Kendall in the Jamestown colony of Virginia was hanged for treason (Historical Timeline). This became the first execution recorded in America (Historical Timeline). After this moment in history, people have debated the concept of the death and if it is truly constitutionalRead MoreThe Death Penalty872 Words   |  4 PagesThe Death Penalty Cynthia Jackson SOC 101 Introduction to Sociology Instructor: Jeanette Maxey December 20, 2010 The Death Penalty Capital punishment in the 21st century endures many inequalities and injustices. The common arguments for the death penalty are filled with inadequacies. Having the death penalty is both expensive and time consuming to sentence criminals to death. The most frequently raised argument for capital punishment is retributive. According to a recent analysis sendingRead MoreThe Death Penalty And The Penalty1005 Words   |  5 Pagesknew how I felt about the death penalty. Growing up in the 70 s and 80 s, it was always an eye for an eye, if someone killed another and was proven guilty then he or she would get the death penalty. 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Death penalty is one of the mostRead MoreThe Death Penalty Essay1549 Words   |  7 PagesThe rehearsal of the death penalty has been experienced throughout the years since the Middle Ages, but as the years go on, many countries have eliminated capital punishment either in law or in practice. This, because of people disagreeing with the fact of taking someone’s life away regardless the gravity of the felony they have committed. As it is written in the 14th amendment â€Å"†¦Nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any pers onRead MoreThe Death Penalty1628 Words   |  7 PagesThe death penalty has been a controversial issue here in the states. It has lived since the 18 B.C. and is still existing in the 21st century. Began with crucifixion, to the failure of lethal injection, and surprisingly a firing squad. None of these sound like a good way to die. We have killed people who were innocent. Not only that, but also its cost is pretty high. Whether it’s actually lowering our crime rates is becoming a problem. The problem lies with the states whether they ll allow it orRead MoreThe Death Penalty And The Penalty2204 Words   |  9 Pagespolitician, lawyer, and author once stated, â€Å"Death row is a nightmare to serial killers and ax murderers. For an innocent man, it s a life of mental torture that the human spirit is not equipped to survive.† The death penalty, or capital punishment, refers to the punishment of a criminal convicted of a capital offense through execution (â€Å"Definiti on of Death Penalty†). With many criminals convicted of a capital offenses awaiting execution on death row, the death penalty has been a seriously debated topic since

History and Purpose of the US Constitution Essay - 1092 Words

When the Founding Fathers wrote the Constitution in 1787, the United States just had 13 states. The Founding Fathers believed that more states would want to join the Union in the future. They saw that it would be significant for new states to have the same form of government as the original states had. Since then there are now over 50 states that have similar characteristics which were developed centuries ago; although, resembling the creation of new ideas and inventions, current state government had many problems from being the way it is today, it also has many important features that benefit many people, as well as plays an important role in how American democracy and government works. The 13 original states were individual colonies†¦show more content†¦By obligating states to recognize actions and decision taken in other states as legal and proper. In Article IV, Section 1 calls for ‘Full Faith and Credit† among states, which means that other states must respe ct ‘public acts†, Records and judicial proceedings† that take place in other states (Lowi, 2007, pg. 52). It also guarantees citizens of any state the privileges and immunities of every other state. For example, if were to get married in California then that marriage must be recognized in any other state I might choose to relocate to. Yet, there have been issues with gay marriage. Congress passed a law in 1996 which emphasizes that all states must not recognize gay marriage, even though some states have passed laws that approve gay marriages. Of course there will always be issues and contradictions to this system (Lowi, 2007, pg. 51). State governments are set up through state constitution, which usually have four sections. These sections are the: preamble which states the purpose and that the authority of the government comes from the people. Another section is the bill or declaration of rights which includes many of the same rights as in the U.S. Constitutionâ₠¬â„¢s Bill of Rights. To expand on this the states constitution are different due to the fact that many voter initiatives take the form of a constitutional amendment. States constitution varies in length and sizes. In fact Californias constitution is one ofShow MoreRelatedThe Birth Of Republic By Edmund Morgan1440 Words   |  6 Pagesquest for search of constitutional principles so as to protect their freedom leading to revolution. In this book, the author portrayed how the experience of the founders of the nation shaped the convictions and how these elements were fit into the constitution and governmental legislatures. â€Å"In 1649, as Harrington saw it, the people who owned the property of England deposed the kind and began to take charge of the government. Their action proved premature. 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Mission and vision literature review free essay sample

Mission and Vision statements tell others who we are and where we want to go as an organization. Through the literature review, this paper aims to examine the importance of an organizational mission and vision statement. This paper outlines the details to show how business experts and practitioners have suggested that creating and communicating mission and vision statements are a critical part to the success of an organization. In addition, it also addresses the differences that exist between a mission and a vision. In 1997 during an interview with Leader to Leader Journal the social philosopher and management scholar Charles Handy was asked, â€Å"How do leaders find meaning to their accomplishments? † To which he replied The companies that survive longest are the ones that work out what they uniquely can give to the world—not just growth or money but their excellence, their respect for others, or their ability to make people happy. Some call those things a soul (Handy, n. d. ). That soul that Handy refers to, can be found in an organization’s mission and vision statements. When establishing a Mission and Vision statement for an organization, one must be careful and particularly attentive in choosing the appropriate words. However more important than the words used in a mission and vision statement is that an organization must truly believe in what it is saying and be able to live up to their statements. Only then will an organization be able to define with precision and rigor what their mission and vision is and provide clarity to the sometimes over used trendy words. The success or failure of an organization could be attributed to an effective or flawed mission and vision statement. This essay will address the purpose and importance of establishing an effective mission and vision statement. Additionally it will discuss what consideration should be taken when creating mission and vision statements and the difference between the two. Discussion Despite the ambiguities in what a mission vs. vision is, experts have established many reasons why organizations should have a mission and a vision statement. Whether you are a fortune 500 company or a non-profit organization, a mission and vision makes people internal and external of the organization know who you are and where you are going. As a part of the strategic planning process of any business, establishing a mission and vision will design the future of the organization. The direction in which the organization intends to go will define these two elements. Organizational change can be a difficult process but incorporating and making employees a part of the process can make change less painful. Involving employees as part of the change can be articulated through the organization’s mission and vision statement. Many businesses have delighted in success for many years because they developed clear and well-conceived missions and visions as their foundation. However, what makes up these two elements must be more than just some fancy words put together to sound good; it must have feeling, meaning and support the core ideology of the organization. These values are essential and long lasting visions of an organization and they are what bonds people together inside of an organization without needing external justification, it â€Å"Provides the glue that holds an organization together through time†. If an organization is careless in developing their statements and attempts to use fanciful, inadequate words such as ‘stakeholders’, ‘proactive’, ‘value added’, ‘outside the box’ as an attempt to make themselves sound important or canny, they may find that people are irritated by use of such business speak â€Å"When one digs through the jargon to discover the heart of what is asserted, one finds the piece either (1) makes no real sense, (2) states something more obvious than it pretends, or (3) is a patent absurdity†. When creating the mission and vision statement it is important to remember that the statement is intended to be used, not just framed and hung on a wall or stored away in the organizations handbook. It should be relevant and a key ingredient to the organizations daily activities. Many organizations use mission and vision statements as a tool to reward their employees who uphold them (Johnson, n. d. ). If an organization does not take the mission and vision creation  process seriously, it is at risk of losing opportunities to build an organizational culture and undermines the ability to engage and retain workforce talent. The results of a study conducted by Bain and Company indicate that organizations with well-defined mission and vision statements have outperformed those without one (Rigby and Bilodeau, 2013). On the other hand, this is opposite of what Pearce determined in a study conducted in 1987, he indicated â€Å"present findings do not suggest that the inclusion of desired components in a firms mission statement will directly improve organizational performance†. This may be an indicator that today people are paying more attention to mission and vision statements of organizations. Mission and vision statements have both an internal and external purpose. Internally, it assists in defining an organizations performance standard and by providing focus on common goals it inspires employees to become more productive and aids in establishing a structure for ethical behavior. Externally, it can be used as a public relations tool to increase relations with customers, strategic partners and suppliers . So, if all we have to do is choose the correct words, align those words with the core ideology of an organization and then live up to the statements, it should be easy to create a mission and vision statement, right? Well, the answer is â€Å"yes†, but only if you really know everything about your organization, its strengths, weaknesses and environmental challenges and opportunities. In order to establish effective mission and vision statements, one must know and be able to honestly answer the following questions: What does my organization do? Who are our customers? Why do we do what we do? Where do we want to be in the future? How are we going to get there? And this is just the beginning because an important aspect of creating an effective mission and vision statement is to be able to distinguish between the two (Lewis, 1995 p. 24-25). What? You mean there is a difference between a Mission and a Vision? The answer is a resounding â€Å"absolutely†! The Mission and Vision Difference Brian J. Lewis explains that many firms are confused regarding the different types of statements, and as he indicates some firms even have a â€Å"smorgasbord of vision, mission and objective† (Lewis, 1995 p. 25) all bundled in one. The following is what the research says about the two elements, how they are differentiated and what goes into each one. Mission The mission statement talks about the present state and purpose of an organization. Its primary target is internal (Bain Company, 2013). It should be written in one or two clearly defined sentences to help engage and give employees a perspective on how their job contributes to achieving the mission. When organizational changes arise, a clearly defined mission statement will help employees understand the reason for the changes and lessen resistance and conflicts in the organization (Mission and Vision Statements). Another important aspect of the mission statement is that organizations can modify it from time to time depending on their economic certainties or customer response. Although the mission statement may change, it is still possible to adhere to the vision (Kariyawasam, 2013). Take for example the mission statement of Advanced Auto parts: â€Å"It is the Mission of Advance Auto Parts to provide personal vehicle owners and enthusiasts with the vehicle related products and knowledge that fulfill their wants and needs at the right price. Our friendly, knowledgeable and professional staff will help inspire, educate and problem-solve for our customers† (Fortune 500 Mission Statements, n. d. ). This Fortune 500 company states who they are â€Å"Advanced Auto Parts†, who their customer base is â€Å"vehicle owners and enthusiasts†, what they provide â€Å"vehicle related products and knowledge at the right price†. The use of the words â€Å"fulfill their wants† is captivating because every car enthusiast wants their needs fulfilled when searching for products for their prized possession. Finally, they indicate that they will accomplish the above with a â€Å"staff that is knowledgeable, professional that will inspire and solve problems†. Commendably, Advanced Auto Parts successfully accomplished a clear mission statement in two paragraphs. Vision According to Helen Keller, â€Å"The most pathetic person in the world is someone who has sight but no vision† (Helen Keller, n. d. ). The vision statement talks about the desired position of an organization in the future. Its primary target is external potential customers and investors, but internally  it communicates direction, inspiration and expected behavior to the organizations employees (Bain Company, 2013). It should be written clearly, lack vagueness and express realistic and achievable aspirations. If written in line with the organizations purpose, values and principles; living up to its words should be a relatively easy task. Many mission statements refer to the environmental or social responsibility role of an organization (Mission and Vision Statements), therefore highlighting their concern for the community. Because it communicates what an organization represents and not just what it does, the vision statement should try to remain intact. If an organization experiences dramatic economic or market changes, then the vision must change as well. It should consist of â€Å"a 10-to-30-year audacious goal plus vivid descriptions of what it will be like to achieve the goal† (Collins and Porras, 1996 p. 73). A well rounded vision statement example is that of PepsiCo: â€Å"Our vision is put into action through programs and a focus on environmental stewardship, activities to benefit society, and a commitment to build shareholder value by making PepsiCo a truly sustainable company† (Our Mission and Values –Pepsi, n. d. para. 2). In their vision statement, Pepsi indicates to their investors that they will lead them to financial success while positively impacting society and the environment. Interestingly, the use of the word â€Å"sustainable† could have an important internal and external impact meaning that PepsiCo provides a secure future. Employee Involvement Typically the creation of a mission and vision statement has a â€Å"top-down† approach, meaning that it is created by the senior managers of an organization. However, because mission and vision statements are worthless unless they are fully supported by the employees, some organizations may desire a â€Å"bottom-up† approach. By fostering employee involvement in the creation of the mission and vision statements, an organization can achieve greater commitment and understanding from the workforce (Mission and Vision Statements). It is important to remember that if an organization chooses the â€Å"bottom-up† approach, the length of time that it takes to create the statements will increase relative to the size of the organization. Also, if management does not agree to adopt the inputs from the employees, it could limit the shared views and ideas aspects that mission and vision statements are intended to have. Ultimately a consensus is the desired output for an effective product (Mission and Vision Statements). Communicating the Mission and Vision As stated previously, a mission and vision statement is worthless unless it is learned, adopted and lived. How the mission and vision is communicated throughout and organization and externally to potential customers and investors is vital to its existence. If not disseminated properly and adhered to a mission and vision statement may become what Kotzee cynically refers to as â€Å"Bullshit†. Kotzee indicates that if the communications of the statements are inept, they become â€Å"vacuous phrases over walls and websites in order to appear effective and smart, but definitely not because they really care about values† As Argenti illustrated, Starbucks Coffee Company developed a mission statement with visionary guiding principles that sounded good â€Å"people first and profits last† (Argenti, 2013 p. 142). However prior to the meeting with Global Exchange, Starbucks was either turning a blind eye or unaware of their operations overseas. Farmers in developing countries were being exploited because Starbucks was paying too little for beans and in some cases farmers were involved with child labor on their farms. This is a clear example of an organization not living up to their words and failing to uphold what was being advertised. When exposed, organizations can be perceived as being dishonest and damage their reputation causing great financial losses; as would have been the case for Starbucks if Global exchange proceeded with the national boycott threat. Unless everyone in an organization adopts, commits and lives the mission and vision it is only an empty dream. The mission and vision is transmitted internally and externally by three different means; Communication, Networking and Personification (Nanus, 1992). For the purpose of this essay we will focus only on communication. Whether its dialogue, memorandums, public speeches, radio, television, etc. there are several mediums that leaders can utilize to communicate the organizations mission and vision. Since communication is fundamental and based on a process of information and meaning, the message always starts and ends with the originator. Through feedback, this allows the originator of the message to determine if the message was received as intended and to clarify any misunderstandings (Argenti, 2013). For leaders who have good emotional intelligence traits, it may be more effective to use the dialogue option. Since emotionally intelligent people have the ability to effectively identify, understand and manage relationships with others, dialogue permits these types of leaders to observe and evaluate the persons reactions and emotions to what is being communicated (Kramer, 2006). Emotionally intelligent people have the ability to persuade and convince people to see things as they do. This was pleasantly illustrated by the meeting Burt Nanus had with Mr. Helmut Kohl, the vice-president of Univac Corp. Nanus walked into Kohl’s office looking for help with many problems and walked out of the meeting with no answers but new direction, a new agenda and feeling good about it (Nanus, 1992 p. 136). Mr. Kohl used his emotional intelligence to sympathetically listen to Nanus, sensed he had a desire to help the company, and was not just complaining. He then incorporated Nanus’ concerns to the overall vision of the organization and gave him direction to solve his own problems. In contrast, use of impersonal mediums of communication like memorandums or e-mail are not necessarily wrong but can send the wrong message as was portrayed in the Westwood Publishing case (Argent, 2013). Although Linda Bosworth was loyal to her employees, she lacked the emotional intelligence to face them during difficult times. Because vision statements provide internal branding for the workforce, it should also be clear that visions must change as the times change and as previously discussed a vision statement should encompass a10 to 30 year range. For Westwood Publishing, technology was advancing rapidly and their vision did not adjust appropriately after 16 years in business. In order to effectively communicate the mission and vision, leaders must be the example; they should live the mission and vision by ensuring that their actions and behaviors are consistent with them and create a sense of passion and determination in its attainment (Nanus, 1992). Identifying the Zombies After the mission and vision is communicated, the workforce should feel inspired and be engaged in accomplishing a common goal. It is of utmost importance to identify those in the workforce that are resistant and not aligned to the organizational mission and vision. Those individuals can be like a cancer to an organization and destroy it from within. (Hacker, 2010) says that these workplace zombies are not connected to the overall mission of the organization; they lack devotion, loyalty and are simply there to collect a paycheck. â€Å"When life’s purpose and meaning aren’t clear, people are at risk of zombie-ism† (Hacker, 2010 p. 27). Left unchecked with low expectations from an organization and without poor performance criticism, these workplace zombies are left to their own contagion and will infect others. Since they threaten the overall success of an organization, workplace zombies should be dealt with immediately and dismissed if they do not change. By changing the interview process, hiring for attitude as well as skills can stop a problem at the door. Additionally, mangers should be the bus drivers getting the right people in the right seats on the bus and getting the wrong people off the bus as soon as possible (Collins, 2001). Conclusion Experts and researchers have a common belief that there is value in having an organizational mission and vision statement. An effective mission and vision can correlate to the overall performance and success of an organization. Organizations can ensure mission and vision will be shared by the workforce by taking the time and careful steps to develop clear and understandable statements. Communicating the mission and vision is another key aspect to make sure that it is known by all the internal and external constituents. As the use of social media increases, the adherence or disregard of an organization’s own mission and vision statements can be quickly disseminated, causing profits or damage to its reputation and image. Therefore it is recommended that organizations create mission and vision statements that not only the workforce can assimilate but also ones that upper leadership can live up to.